The context window is the total amount of text a language model can hold in view at once, counted in tokens and shared between your input and its reply.
Two ways to give a model information it was not trained on. Long context puts everything in the prompt. RAG retrieves only what is relevant.
The context window is the total amount of text a language model can hold in view at once. It is measured in tokens, and it covers everything: your instructions, any documents you paste in, the conversation so far, and the reply being written.
It is a working desk, not a memory. Everything the model can use has to fit on the desk right now. When the conversation ends, the desk is cleared.
Think of it like this. Think of someone reading with a single page visible at a time. They can reason brilliantly about what is on that page, and they cannot see anything that fell off it. Adding more pages means a bigger page, not a better memory.